Pestel Analysis China Essay example - 812 Words

PESTEL -Political Recently China has made extraordinary efforts in modernizing legal and economical system aimed to stabilize the growth of the country; however China remains a strictly controlled country, where civil liberties, such as freedom of communication, religion practice and demonstration are severely limited. Major internal problems in China include growing corruption, increasing rural poverty and environmental degradation. China enjoys a strong relationship with the US and other western countries and is likely to increase its influence in the region due to its expanding economy. China has difficult relations with a number of neighbouring countries, such as Japan, Vietnam, North Korea and Tibet; in particular the†¦show more content†¦48% of the population in the target age group are female and although the gender equality has been in the past years a priority for the Chinese government, women still experience a significant status and income disparity. In average women with a university degree can earn as little as 75% of the salary of males with equivalent skills. Finally it should be noted that in China title and status are very important, as well as punctuality both professionally and socially. -Technological China has developed a number of industrial centres where transport, telecommunications and energy infrastructures are widely available. China has also demonstrated a widespread adoption of new technologies, for example mobile phone subscriptions has sharply increased to 461 million, compared to the 368 million land lines (CIA world factbook, 2008, [9]). The number of internet users has also peaked in 2007 to 162 million thanks to a comprehensive broadband network infrastructure based on submarine trunks, fibre-optic cables and satellite links, making China the third largest internet community after the European Union with 247 million and the US with 208 million. Although comparable in terms of population, China has got almost 3 times more internet users than India (60m). -Environmental The environmental policy is becoming one of the most critical issues for theShow MoreRelatedPestel Analysis on China1481 Words   |  6 Pagesfactor: If Nike wants to open international market such as China, the company would get disadvantages because every country will protect and priority for its domestic products. So, the company must find out exactly these requirements that the country require in Nike to overcome these barriers. International trade regulations The trade regulations in China are formulated in accordance with the Foreign Trade Law of the Peoples Republic of China in order to maintain foreign trade order and fair competitionRead MorePestel Analysis China1301 Words   |  6 Pagesstate. The people’s republic of China is a single party state governed by the communist party of China. President : Hu Jintao Prime Minister: Wen Jiabau Independence: 1, October 1949 ( People’s republic of China) Constitutional system China or People Republic of China adopts socialist system or communism in their political system in their decision-making process in governing the country. The country’s sole political party in power is known as communist party of China. The government have the soleRead MorePestel Analysis - Banking in China1112 Words   |  5 PagesUsing PESTEL analysis to understand the macro-environment that impacts the Banking Industry in China. Political Factors †¢ China has a socialist political system †¢ China has entered into the WTO and as part of the commitment to open up the banking industry, has issued the Rules for Implementing the Regulations Governing Foreign Financial Institutions in the People’s Republic of China , which allows Foreign financial institutions to provide foreign currency services to Chinese enterprisesRead MoreBusiness Environment of China France Hongkong Essay653 Words   |  3 Pagescurrent markets in China, Hong Kong, and France P.3-5 1.2.1 Executive Summary P.3 1.2.2 Fashion industry life cycle and the current position of the three countries P.4 1.3 SWOT and TOW S Analysis for Koyo Jeans in the three countries analysed P.5 Part 2 Drivers to Internationalisation 2.1 Motivation for Koyo Jeans entering emerging Markets P.6 2.2 Environmental Analysis in Brazil and India P.6 2.2.1 Findings on comparison between Brazil and India (PESTEL 5Forces) PRead MorePestel / Pestle Analysis Of Amazon971 Words   |  4 PagesAn Organization I am familiar with I want to speak about its Pest analysis is Amazon. Amazon.com Inc. successfully shelters the issues shown in the PESTEL/PESTLE examination of its e-commerce business and remote or macro-environment. The PESTEL/PESTLE Analysis model is a tool for classifying the external factors that shape the conditions of a company’s remote or macro-environment. In the case of Amazon, the circumstances of the online retail market are measured. As the largest firm in the marketRead MoreThe General Macro Environment And Industry Attractiveness1101 Words   |  5 PagesAn external analysis looks at the general macro environment and industry attractiveness. A PESTEL analysis will be used to look at the macro environment and Porter’s Five Forces framework will follow to provide a clearer picture of industry attractiveness. PESTEL Kohl’s needs to consider political factors affecting the retail market, which usually pertain to governmental policy. The following represent current political external factors that are present in the macro retail environment in whichRead MoreSwot And Analytical Tools : Business Analysis Tools1040 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Æ' INTERGRATED AND ANALYTICAL TOOLS Business analysis tools are different techniques investors use to assess a company’s operations. In most cases, the purpose of the analysis is to determine how effective or efficient a company is in the overall market locally, nationally and globally. A scan of the internal and external environment is an important part of this strategic planning process. A few different tools are commonly used such as SWOT, PESTEL, Comparative and Porter’s Five Forces. Each oneRead MoreThe Impact Of Globalization On The Auto Parts Industry1194 Words   |  5 Pageshas become one of the fastest growing industries which plays a major role in the development of the domestic manufacture as well as the GDP Growth. PESTEL: To evaluate all the internal and external factors that directly or indirectly impact the Auto parts industry, the PESTEL model has been used as the analysis for this major industry. PESTEL stands for the five most important forces that comprehensively analyse and monitor the manufacturing: Political forces, Economical forces, Socio-culturalRead MoreSwot Analysis : Apple As A Company And Their Products1085 Words   |  5 PagesPESTEL Analysis consist of political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors that make up an organization and for this paper we will analysis Apple as a company and their products. Apple is among the fastest growing company that has made itself a recognizable consumer name for electronics and gadgets. Investors have always looked forward for investing in Apple due to its strong revenue and high return on investment. Started operating as a traditional computer company, itRead MoreHow Mergers And Acquisition Affect Financial P erformance1170 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent data btw acquiring firms and target firms to analysis their company value changes before after in disclosure date. Company choiceï ¼Å¡ Cisco system Inc, Lenovo Group Ltd, Microsoft Corporation Objectives The report will focus on analysis what kind of impact will affect companies’ financial performance and its value through companies’ mergers and acquisition in technology industry. This article will use a variety of ways for detailed analysis of how Mergers and acquisition affect financial performance

Constantine and Christianity Essay - 2155 Words

What was the impact that Constantine had on Christianity after he conquered the Roman Empire? As a stone penetrating a tide of water, Constantine penetrated through pagan worship as he brought Christianity to the forefront after the great battle in the Roman Empire. It changed the way Romans worshiped and impacted their society as a whole. Christianity was brought to the fore front greatly due to the support of Constantine. With his help Romans had changed their Pagan views to Christian views while impacting society, education, and influence on the Roman Empire. Christianity before Constantine Christianity during the early century was very difficult for many Christians. As many Christians were persecuted for not worshipping pagan gods.†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœChristians to the lions’ as Trajan would say, an emperor in the early centuries Christianity to them have alienated the favour of their gods which has and would continue to cause disasters in the Roman Empire. The misfortune of Christians did not stop during this period, but it did come to a composed halt as Galerius, gave Christians the right to worship in some sense. Christianity during the early stages was clearly a course of persecution and forced pagan accusations. Constantine dramatically changed the recourse of religions with the battle of Milvian Bridge as Christianity became the predominant religion of the Roman Empire. The battle of Milvian Bridge lead by Constantine in 312 (Allan, 45), gave Christians a surge of hope and faith as Constantine would claim king of the Roman Empire. After s uch a great battle, Christianity would be put into question how it was impacted through living and socio-economic standards. Christianity and its Influences The new faith that brought a message and established the resurrection of Jesus Christ was the faith that Constantine adopted as a child from his mother. Christianity during Constantine’s reign established much dominance over other religions and was the main reason for influence of the Christian. Christianity in the Roman world had many perils from gladiatorial battles, to forms of charity which affected the Roman world for good (McGiffert, 34). Charity became withShow MoreRelatedConstantine And Christianity Essay1784 Words   |  8 PagesGaius Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus, or Constantine, is commonly referred to as the fist Christian emperor of the Roman Empire and as the defender of Christianity. Such grand titles are not necessarily due for the reasons that people commonly think of them today. The first clear instance where Christianity is seen in Constantines life is during his campaign against Maxentius. In the spring of 311, when Constantine was marching to Rome to battle against Maxentius, he saw a vision in theRead MoreConstantine And Christianity Of The Roman Empire1350 Words   |  6 PagesConstantine and Christianity in the Roman Empire Religion has always been an important force in the lives of common people. In the early centuries, Christianity was developing with a great influence to affect the Roman world. Constantine came to power in the Western provinces of the Roman Empire as an advocate of religious toleration. Constantine’s advocacy for religious toleration alongside his conversion marked a turning point of the Roman world and drove the spread Christianity. With Diocletian’sRead MoreConstantine and His Effect on Christianity1518 Words   |  7 PagesConstantine and his effect on Christianity When we look back at Christianity over the years, there are several people who are remembered for their impact on the religion. The first most important figure was Jesus Christ. However, if we travel forward a bit, into the 4th Century we come across Constantine. Historians agree that Constantine served as an important component in the spread of Christianity. Although he spread the religion in a massive way, others wonder if his methods were more harmfulRead MoreConstantine: Gods Gift to Christianity1168 Words   |  5 Pagesextremists in India or in places like China and North Korea. Yet Christianity thrives as the world’s largest religion. Persecution of Christians was especially brutal and widespread during the fourth century in the Roman Empire. Christians were tortured until they denied Christ or killed if they refused, their possessions, houses and buildings were confiscated and they were forced to observe pagan sacrificial traditions. Constantine the Great’s ri se to power brought about tremendous change in RomanRead MoreConstantine And Empress Helen Their Impact On Christianity1479 Words   |  6 PagesTopic: Constantine and Empress Helena: Their Impact on Christianity -Who was Constantine?: Constantine was believed to be born on February 22, either in 272 or 273 AD. The exact date and year is not definite. He was the son of Marcus Flavius Valerius Constantius Herculius Augustus (mainly known as Constantius Chlorus) and Flavia Iulia Helena Augusta (mainly known as Saint Helena). His father was an officer of the army, and his mother was an inn keeper’s daughter. His father later divorced his motherRead MoreConstantine the Ruler of the Roman Empire1626 Words   |  7 Pages Constantine the ruler of the Roman Empire had been surrounded by many controversies during his reign (Cameron, 14). He was the son of a great warrior and he defeated Manutius a great ruler at Milia Bridge. He had gained much respect and admiration among the Romans as a fair ruler. He emerged as a ruler who supported Christianity and then became popular as a Christian ruler himself. His reign and victory over the Roman Empire is a significant event in the history of Christian religion. With theRead MoreThe Religious Conversions of King Clovis I and Emperor Constantine I738 Words   |  3 Pagessuch as the conversion of Constantine I, nor as ground-breaking as that of Clovis I. Constantine I was born in the year 280. During his reign as emperor of the Roman Empire, the state was falling apart. 1 He was the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity. He called the Council of Nicea in 325 to resolve conflicts arising between the Arian Christians and the Athansian Christians. 2 Th is resulted in the canonization of Athansian Christianity, to which Constantine I converted his empire. 3ClovisRead MoreThe Conversion Of Roman Emperor1720 Words   |  7 Pages11/7/2014 Research Paper The conversion of Roman Emperor, Constantine, marked the start of a reform that would change Rome forever. A once pagan society, Rome was one of the last to grasp the Christianity concept. The start of â€Å"Christianizing† Rome began with two of Jesus’ disciples, Peter and James, as well as the apostle Paul in the Roman province of Antioch during the first century (New Women of Color Study Bible 1742). From this, Christianity spread all over the province, by the time it got to RomeRead MoreConstantine : A Influential Leader1295 Words   |  6 PagesConstantine was a very influential leader throughout his life. He was able to accomplish many things, everything from making a major world religion possible, to running a successful empire. It all started when he was born in around 280 CE in Naissus, Moesia, to father Flavius Valerius and mother Helena. His father became Roman emperor in around 305 CE. He was elected to the position of emperor by Maximalla, who was the empe ror of Western Rome at the time. While his father was alive, Constantine wasRead MoreConstantine the Great1359 Words   |  6 PagesConstantine the Great Constantine the Great, first Christian Emperor, originator of Constantinople, creator of the Byzantine Empire, military conqueror, and honored saint, has been labeled by many the most instrumental emperor of the Roman Empire. Constantine played a crucial role in the development of Europe during the Middle Ages, and founded Christianity as the formal religion of the Roman Empire. His dynamic yet effective predominance laid the infrastructure of European development. From

The Importance of Education Free Essays

The importance of education has become apparent to many families across the globe. Entering a University has become progressively easier over the past decades. Even though the entrances have become easier, it doesn’t mean that actually graduating college is any easier. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now Education is the essential part of every minor’s life, if they aren’t subject to a good education or they are but they fail to take advantage, they will most likely end up on the â€Å"losing end† of the race to make money once they graduate from either college or high school. As a whole, getting into a college and graduating provides the student with a â€Å"fast pass† in life. For example, if someone were to drop out of high school, they would most likely never get the spot that requires a college degree because they have to know what they are doing in order to actually complete the job. The college graduate on the other hand, could easily take the position of any person that has not completed college or especially high school. But thanks to the opportunity provided to the children in the United States, they have a chance at getting into college as long as they don’t have bad grades or are students who often misbehave and acquire a large array of referrals. Children that do not behave and/or have bad grades have a much lower chance of actually getting into college, let alone actually graduating from it. Education is most likely the most important aspect of a child’s life, whether they know it or not. An education not only provides students with the tools they need to survive a normal day in the life of a normal working adult, but it provides them with the knowledge to solve problems some have never seen and/or heard of. Even one of our founding fathers clearly understood the importance of an education. George Washington knew that an education was important, especially to a democracy because they need people to understand the issues, discuss them, and be able to solve them. Without an educated population, there could easily be criminals who could oversee the non-educated and use their knowledge to loop around laws and commit crimes easily considered some of the worst by today’s standards. Due to this, it is clear that an education isn’t only important to the individual and their lifetime income, but it is also very important to major departments of society and law. As a whole, Education gives us knowledge of the world around us. It develops in us a perspective of looking at life as well as helping us build opinions and POV’s in our lives. Education helps us develop a world that could function and what is right and what is wrong. Considering the fact that in today’s society everything is about business, the students who have studied the most and have the most desirable degrees become necessities to the companies recruiting them. No matter how important it may seem to someone, it is most likely the most important aspect of their life. How to cite The Importance of Education, Papers The Importance of Education Free Essays Probably no single movement so greatly affected colonial America as the Protestant Reformation. Most of the Europeans who came to America were Protestants, but there were many denominations. Lutherans from Germany and Scandinavia settled in the middle colonies along with Puritans and Presbyterians. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Reformation was centered upon efforts to capture the minds of men, therefore great emphasis was placed on the written word. Obviously schools were needed to promote the growth of each denomination. Luther†s doctrines made it necessary for boys and girls to learn to read the Scriptures. While the schools that the colonists established in the 17th century in the New England, southern and middle colonies differed from one another, each reflected a concept of schooling that had been left behind in Europe. Most poor children learned through apprenticeship and had no formal schooling at all. Those who did go to elementary school were taught reading, writing, arithmetic, and religion. Learning consisted of memorizing, which was stimulated by whipping. The first â€Å"basic textbook†, the New England Primer, was America†s own contribution to education(Pulliam, Van Patten 86). Used from 1609 until the beginning of the 19th century, its purpose was to teach both religion and reading. The child learning the letter a, for example, also learned that â€Å"In Adam†s fall, We sinned all. † As in Europe, then, schools in the colonies were strongly influenced by religion. This was particularly true of schools in the New England area, which had been settled by Puritans and other English religious dissenters. The school in colonial New England was not a pleasant place either, physically or psychologically. Great emphasis was placed on the shortness of life and the torments of hell. Like the Protestants of the Reformation, who established vernacular elementary schools in Germany in the 16th century, the Puritans sought to make education universal. They took the first steps toward government-supported universal education in the colonies. In 1647, Puritan Massachusetts passed a law requiring that every child be taught to read. [It being the chief object of that old deluder, Satan, to keep men from the knowledge of the scriptures,†¦ it is therefore ordered, that every township†¦ fter the Lord hath increased them to the number of fifty householders,†¦ shall†¦ appoint one within their town to teach all children as shall resort him to read and write. It is further ordered, that where any town shall increase to the number of one hundred families†¦ they shall set up a grammar school, the master thereof being able to instruct youth so far as they may be fitted for the university. Old Deluder Satan Act. -Massachusetts Laws of 1647(Pulliam, Van Patten 51)] Puritan or not, virtually all of the of the colonial schools had a clear-cut moral purposes. Skills and knowledge were considered important to the degree that they served religious ends and â€Å"trained† the mind(Gutmann 180). Early schools supplied the students with moral lessons, not just reading, writing and arithmetic. Obviously, the founders saw it necessary to apply these techniques, feeling that in was necessary that the students learn these particular values. As the spirit of science, commercialism, secularism, and individualism quickened in the Western world, education in the colonies was called upon to satisfy the practical needs of seamen, merchants, artisans, and frontiersmen. The effect of these new developments on the curriculum in American schools was more immediate and widespread than its effect in European schools. Practical content was soon in competition with religious concerns. Vocational education was more significant in the Middle colonies than elsewhere in colonial America. The academy that Benjamin Franklin helped found in 1751 was the first of a growing number of secondary schools that sprang up in competition with the Latin schools. Franklin†s academy continued to offer the humanist-religious curriculum, but it also brought education closer to the needs of everyday life. Teaching such courses as history, geography, merchant accounts, geometry, algebra. These subjects were more practical, seeing as how industry and business were driving forces in the creation of the United States, while religious classes could not support a family or pay the debts. By the 1880s the United States was absorbing several million immigrants a year, a human flood that created new problems for the common school. The question confronting educators was what to teach to educate and prepare them for the work force. Religion was still an important part of their lives but with so varied a population it was impossible to teach any one and families kept their members involved in the church and children learned about religion through Sunday school and by being active in church social gatherings. By the mid-19th century the diversification in the curriculum characterized virtually all American secondary education. America came into its own, educationally, with the movement toward state-supported, secular free schools for all children, which began with the common (elementary) school. Religious denominational or parochial schools remained common in the middle colonies until the country became independent, but such sectarian schools were weakened by the withdrawal of English financial support and by the separation of church and state. The revolutionary period saw academies, with their emphasis on practical subjects such as bookkeeping, navigation, and surveying, increase in popularity. After the common school had been accepted, people began to urge that higher education, too be tax supported(Gutmann 201). By the end of the century, such secondary schools had begun to outnumber the private academies. The original purpose of the American high school was to allow children to extend and enrich their common school education (Diane 56). Schools now needed to ready the students for college-an even higher form of education instead of preparing them to immediately enter the work force. America†s educational ladder was unique. Where public school systems existed in European countries such as France and Germany, they were dual systems. When a child of the lower and middle class finished his elementary schooling, he could go on to a vocational school. The upper-class child did not attend the elementary school and was instead tutored until the age of nine and could enter a secondary Latin school. The purpose of the Latin school was to prepare him for the university, from which he might well emerge as a potential leader of his country. With the independence of America came freedom of religion in the Bill of Rights. Freedom of Religion was included in the first amendment which prevented Congress from making any law respecting the establishment of religion or prohibiting religious practice. Some states had provisions for tax-supported religion, but were abolished by 1833. Although the long range effects of disestablishment and religious freedom were beneficial to public schools, the immediate result was to take away public funds that had been used to support church-related schools. Separation of church and state also contributed to the educational problems of today, such as the issue over prayer and bible readings in public schools. Nevertheless, sectarian control over public education was broken by the provision for religious freedom. The Industrial Revolution began in Europe and spread to America a few decades later. One effect of the change from an agricultural to an industrial economy was the demand for schools to train students for the workforce. Vocational and industrial education better supplied students with the knowledge to enter a career rather than religious studies. The vocational value of shop work was considered part of general education. The need for skilled workers and the desire for high school education for those not college bound caused the manual training to gain speed. Religion was the major subject in colonial schools, but with the separation of church and state, public schools could only teach non-sectarian religious principals. Still, the curriculum remained heavily influenced by religious writings, prayer, and Christian morality. Bible reading was considered nonsectarian in most communities. The fact that a Protestant bible was not acceptable to Catholics carried little weight, and Jews were also discriminated against in school prayers. Before the twentieth century, minority groups often chose not to make an issue of religion in the public schools. If Catholic, Jewish, or other minority religious groups were unable to support their own schools, they normally accepted the rules of the public schools even when the requirements contradicted their own beliefs. In recent times however, there have been a great number of court cases over the religious requirements or practices in public schools. Although a majority of the cases have decided against the inclusion of religious practices, a large number of Americans are of the opinion that schools are responsible for moral training of America†s youth. The questions arise over and over whether this is a valid requirement or responsibility of the educational system. How does one teach moral values and respect for teachers, students and the community without including the basic philosophy of religion and the worth of prayer. Religious liberals and non-believers have attacked beginning the school day with prayer. With the removal of the Pledge of Allegiance from the daily rite of school curriculum America had made a drastic statement to element any reference to any God, any religion and this sent a message to every household in America that receiving an education would not include any word or association with any God. However, our society will always have a multitude of beliefs and opinions on whether or not it is a responsibility of the educational system to teach respect, honor and morale standards to our children. What responsibilities do parents have to teach religion to their offspring? Do children need to know the beliefs of more than one religion, do children have a right to practice religion in school? A hundred questions could be asked regarding this subject and because we are such a diverse society I do not believe it would be possible to teach religion in school. Which is why I think it is better to live religion out of the schools as to not offend anyone of believing in another religion or does not believe in religion at all. Personally I believe that parents should have the responsibility of teaching children right from wrong. The reason why society is so bad isn†t the fault of the school system, but the lack of good upbringing by parents. How to cite The Importance of Education, Papers

Organization and Management free essay sample

SNOP is the Systematized Nomenclature of Pathology. Published by the American College of Pathologists, it has been â€Å"useful in classifying pathological specimens† (McWay, 2008). Although SNOP was commonly used in pathology departments, it has gradually lost favor because focus was placed on standardized nomenclatures by accrediting agencies (McWay, 2008). 2. What are the four approaches taken by HIM professionals to address the complexities brought on by the introduction of PPS and DRGs? The four approaches taken by HIM professionals to address the complexities brought on by the introduction of PPS and DRGs are the use of encoders, the use of new resources in coding guidelines, the focus on ethical aspects of coding and develop a compliance program (McWay, 2008). 3. What are some differences between DRGs and MDCs? DRGs are known as Diagnosis-Related Groups and MDCs are known as Major Diagnostic Category (McWay, 2008). DRGs is a model that classifies groups of patients with medically related diagnosis, treatment, length of stay, age, and sex (McWay, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on Organization and Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page DRGs â€Å"classify hospital stays in terms of what was wrong with the patient and what is done for the patient† (McWay, 2008). MRGs â€Å"cluster patients according to medical and surgical categories† (McWay, 2008). 4. Why are consequences of healthcare professionals not using common terminology, vocabularies, and classification systems? Vocabularies, classification systems, and clinical terminologies were â€Å"created to describe the medical care process in a standard manner† (McWay, 2008). Healthcare professionals need to clearly understand and apply these vocabularies, classification systems, and clinical terminologies in order to facilitate patient care as well as comply with requirements of the accrediting agencies (McWay, 2008). References McWay D C 2008 Todays Health Information Management: An Integrated ApproachMcWay, D. C. (2008). Todays Health Information Management: An Integrated Approach. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage Learning. !. SNOP gradually lost favor when focus was placed by accrediting agencies of standardized nomenclatures that could cross fields of specialization. 2. The four approaches taken by HIM professionals to address the complexities brought on by the introduction of PPS and DRGs are: Encoders- software tools that incorporate the text and logic of coding systems into an automated form. Another approach is the use of new resources in the form of coding guidelines. Examples are ICD-9CM coding handbook, the coding clinic for ICM-9-CM, and the coding clinic for HCPCS. A third approach is to focus on the ethical aspect of coding., and an approach related to coding guidelines and ethics, is to develop a coding compliance program. 3.The differences between DRGs and MCDs are DRG is a classification system that groups patients who are medically related by diagnosis, treatment, and length of stay, using the International Classification of Diseases, ninth edition, clinical modification codes. MDC is the first level of a decision tree to reach a diagnosis-related group, generally based on an organ or system. Todays Health Information Management An Integrated Approach, McWay, D.C., JD, RHIA. pgs. 126-33 4. The consequences of health care professionals for not using common terminology, vocabularies, and classification systems are Clinical vocabularies, terminologies or coding systems, are a structured list of terms which together with their definitions are design to describe unambiguously the care and treatment of patients. T cover diseases, diagnoses, findings, operations, treatments, drugs, administrative items, etc., and can be used to support recording and reporting a patients care at varying levels of detail, whether on paper or, increasingly, via electronic medical record (EMC). A large number of coding and classification systems have been developed for healthcare. Many standards have been proposed butwidespread spread adoption has been slow. Current standards tend to compete. Many classifications overlap. Historically, vocabulary and classification systems have been designed to meet different and specific goals. Many codes have been designed mainly to support administration (e.g. billing) so have typically included only a limited number of diagnosis code for each encounter. Widely-used, but essentially administration-oriented system, such as ICD, have been mandated by government agencies and /or payor organizations but capture clinical data at an insufficient level of detail to support clinical needs that lie outside the limited range of activities they were designed to support. Coding systems can lose clinical information. It can be difficult to compare clinical coding systems. Interoperability is a significant problem. Content, structure, completeness, detail, cross-mapping, taxonomy, definitions, clarity vary between existing vocabularies. -Why did SNOP fall out of favor with the healthcare field?  SNOP, the Systematized Nomenclature of Pathology was published by the American College of Pathologists and was useful in classifying pathological specimens. SNOP lost favor with the healthcare field when focus was placed by accrediting agencies on standardized nomenclatures that could cross-fields of specialization (McWay, 2008). 2.-What are the four approaches taken by HIM professionals to address the complexities brought on by the introduction of PPS and DRGs? The four approaches are: Use of encoders, Coding guidelines, Ethical aspect of coding up coding and coding compliance program (McWay, 2008). 3.-What are some differences between DRGs and MDCs? Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) A patient classification system, defined by the federal Department of Health and Human Services. It provides a means of relating the type of patients a hospital treats to the costs incurred by the hospital. According to this classification system, patients who have similar diagnoses and undergo similar procedures are placed together in the same diagnosis-related group.. DRGs are used by the Medicare program to reimburse hospitals at fixed amounts for all similar patients, regardless of thelength of stay or actual cost incurred. The DRG system is also widely used in many types of health data analysis. Major Diagnostic Category (MDC) A grouping based on the organ or system involved. The MDCs cluster patients according to medical and surgical categories, that are subdivided by principal diagnosis (McWay, 2008). 4.-Why are consequences of healthcare professionals not using common terminology, vocabularies, and classification systems? According to AHIMA, the healthcare industry is looking to IT to reduce costs, assess quality of care, and deliver services more efficiently. The core components of these IT tools are classification and terminology systems, the common medical languages used to encode clinical data such as a patient’s physical signs, symptoms, medication sensitivities, treatment plans, and diagnoses. Terminologies and classifications promise to provide the common medical language necessary for electronic health records and population health reporting, quality reporting, personal health records, safety, clinical trials, biosurveillance, and reimbursement. According to McWay (2008), vocabulary, clinical terminology, and classification systems were created to describe the medical care process in a standard manner.

Influence Of Television Essays - Rodham Family, Bill Clinton

Influence Of Television Influence Of Television Television is a form of media that has great ability to influence and brainwash the viewing public. The talking box in one's living room has assumed the overpowering role it plays today as a result of the weakness of society. This may seem like a negative view but a society's strength is based on the relationships between people and when so much time is spent away from others and together with the media, the actions that take place are often times a reflection of what television presents. In President Clinton's speech, he brings forth this very point and he acknowledges the family's increasing weakness and calls on all people to bring back the values of the past and stop the media from playing such a huge role in our community. The overwhelming influence of the media is a constant threat to the maintenance of traditional family values and to the protection of our children's future. Nevertheless, television cannot be changed for it is too big and powerful but compromises can be made that can strengthen society and help keep certain values protected. Over the past decades, people have less and less time in their hands due to careers, divorces and the constant struggle for success. This unfortunately, is resulting in parents spending less time with their children, which is an important responsibility that no one or nothing can replace. President Clinton said, "television... may be the third parent, but it can't be the first or the second"(Clinton, p.173). The focus on "parental responsibility"(Clinton, p.174) is what is important and parents must ensure that their children are raised in a controlled and safe environment. The media has "more access... to children"(Clinton, p.172) then ever before, and it can develop certain bad habits, patterns and subconscious actions if the individual is too weak to fight its affect. Therefore, parents must spend more time with their children, otherwise, the old values will slowly slip away and new ones, established by television, will take their place for good. Television has incredible power. In a society where money signifies success and influence, television has taken its place among the most prosperous of businesses. Television cannot be attacked because it can and has successfully stood up to all sorts of challenges. The solution of changing its role in society lies within man himself. Television, despite many negative aspects, has much to offer. It is a great tool for learning, communication and for information. Attacking television may deprive us of such benefits therefore this trend must be approached with "more conversation and less combat"(Clinton, p.173). Instead of criticizing, we should look for alternatives that, in the long run, will benefit society. Just as televisions' bad influence has settled in slowly in our community, it can slowly be filtered out with time, patience and most importantly with everyone's cooperation. We, society, are responsible for making television a threat to traditional values and future generations. It is our duty, as a population, to work together to steer away from the tube to the values that will strengthen society. Step by step, this can be done and the future will get brighter in the long run.

Virgil

Memorize Latin From the Aeneid by Vergil/Virgil One technique that may help if you are trying to re-learn Latin is to memorize a chunk of Latin poetry and make it your own. For this purpose, you might want to memorize the first 11 lines of Vergils (or Virgils) Aeneid. Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab orisItaliam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venitlitora, multum ille et terris iactatus et altovi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casusinsignem pietate virum, tot adire laboresimpulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae? Listen to Robert Sonkowsky reading this passage to get a sense of the pronunciation and rhythm of Classical Latin. After you have begun to learn the passage, read a translation and try to make the translation and the Latin go together. What you do with this chunk of Latin is up to you. You may just keep it in mind as a reminder of the word order in Latin – the first clause is â€Å"arms and the man I sing,† with the verb at the end. Or the fact that certain sentences, like the final question, don’t require an expressed verb at all. Or you may keep the whole passage in mind to remember the names, (Juno, Lavinia, Latium, Italia, Troy, and Alba). Or to try to make sense of the early legendary history of Rome. But here is my suggestion. After you have the passage down cold, try writing your own translation into good English. Then try reverse translating back into Latin prose. The purpose is not to do worry too much about the syntax but to see how different your phrase structure is from Vergil’s . If nothing else, this should give you an appreciation for the variety provided by the Latin language. Example: I sing about arms and the manarma et virum ego cano.

The first voyage of columbus Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The first voyage of columbus - Term Paper Example Christopher Columbus officially started his first voyage on 3rd August, 1492 with his three ships. Alongside the journey Columbus faced many challenges including bad weather that caused lack of winds to help steer the ships and also lack of supplies to maintain the ship thus could not get on the island of canary. It was on the 8th of September, when Columbus noticed that the pointer on the compass was not pointing north, but rather half of it was pointing to the Northwest, and the variation was greater as they continued with the journey. Columbus did not mention that to his crew as he knew it could cause anxiety and yet they were not sure of their final destination. This kept on for some days, but was later discovered by his pilots something that caused mixed reactions of anxiety and panic. Most of the men in ship panicked to an extent of threatening to move back to Spain. Columbus had to reason faster as to why the pointer was not pointing at the north and explained to the crew not to worry as it was due to failure in weather conditions, and as he was a well known astronomer reduced the anxiety. It took him sometimes up to early mid September to make clear sight of the Hierro Island as the wind flow remained low. First landing It was on 12th of October, when Columbus saw his first land which was earlier sighted by a sailor on Pinta ship but, Columbus dismissed him that he was the first to see the land letting him retain the prize he had made a promise to give to whoever saw it first. The island was named San Salvador, by Columbus but presently referred to as Bahamas. In Bahamas, the residents were friendly, calm and kind. At the time the island was discovered, the local residents were: the Bahamas, Galibi who was on the windward parts of the island and the kalian on the leeward part of the island (Herring 121). Columbia also did a study on the cultural and social living standards of the residents on the island. The residents of Bahamas were mostly described by Columbia as, friendly, naive, harmless and willing to learn new ideas. At this point, Columbia had the urge of finding gold as he had discovered most of the residents wearing some of them in their noses and this made him extent his stay. Second landing After landing in Bahamas on12th of October, Columbus discovered five more islands there thereafter he left for Cuba on 28th of October. He made a landing at Bariay which was at the eastern part of the island. At this point, Columbia thought that he reached China and so he decided to send two of his two men to find out if it was true, and these were Luis de Torres and Rodrigo. The two men did not succeed in what they had been sent to but instead travelled to a small village called Taino, from which they acquired a habit of tobacco smoking as they had observed the people there doing so. The two men who were sent came back after four days. It was during this time that Columbia made a discovery of the existence tobacco plant and the wild growth of cotton everywhere. It was on the 21st of November that Pinta ship travelled to the east towards the inaqua and Turk island hence being apart from the other ships (Herring 91). Pinzon was the one sailing Pinta, and he made the decision to go separate as he had the idea that he

Literature review in E-commerce in saudi arabia Assignment - 1

Literature review in E-commerce in saudi arabia - Assignment Example en established, but there is limited empirical research that assesses the e-commerce adoption in developing nations in the Arab word such as Saudi Arabia. The study examined the perception of mobile phone users and their concerns regarding the gadget’s authentication and security. The results supported various studies in the previous literature mobile devices authentication. Therefore, the users need an advanced security for their mobile devices. Adel A. B., Rayed A., and Salem A. (2014). Adoption Factors for e-Malls in the SME Sector in Al-Somali, S., Gholami. R. and Clegg B.T (2009). â€Å"An Investigation into the Acceptance of Online Banking in Saudi Arabia†, Technovation, 29 (2), 2009, pp.130-141. Rayed, A. Drew, and Waleed A. (2011). Factors Influencing E-Commerce Adoption by Retailers In Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Analysis. The Electronic Journal on Information Systems in Developing Countries. Rayed, A. Drew, S., and Alhussain, T. (2012). A Conceptual Framework for the Promotion of Trusted Online Retailing Environment in Saudi Arabia.International Journal of Business and Management. Retrieved February 8, 2012 from URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v7n5p140. Rayed, A., Nguyen, A., and Jones, J. (2013). A Study of Influential Factors in the Adoption and Diffusion of B2C E-Commerce. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications. Saudi Arabia .International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies. Zhu, K and Kraemer, K. (2005). â€Å"Post-Adoption Variations in Usage and Value of E-Business by Organizations: Cross- Country Evidence from the Retail Industry†, Information Systems Research, 16(1),2005, pp.

The Legacy of Vietnam Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Legacy of Vietnam - Term Paper Example The withdrawal of forces implied no direct involvement, but the US still planned to safeguard ‘Saigon’ through military and economic aid. Although Nixon’s regime uncompromisingly worked for â€Å"Thieus’s† (South Vietnamese Premier) cause but because of certain issues raised by the US Congress, the aid to the South Vietnam was cut by half. Reduced aid further weakened South Vietnam’s position. This period was also marked by the premature resignation of President Nixon. The advance by the North Vietnamese communist army was swift and the conquest was completed in 1975. One of the prime implications of the conflict was economic. The war had brought a wave of inflation that the US had not witnessed in years with money flowing into Indochina for the ‘Anti Communist’ cause. Although the North Vietnamese were ostensibly victorious in unifying Vietnam, their victory was accompanied by the drainage of its State treasury. The country had b een ecologically damaged and all other institutions apart from the army had been moribund during the war years. The war had ironically turned Vietnam into one of the poorest countries of the world with fourth largest army in the world. The political implications were also major and they transcended the immediate region of Vietnam and also affected the proximal regions. The following chaos in Laos and Cambodia form an integral part of the ‘legacy’ of the war. The new unified Vietnam was facing its own problems with the culturally disparate north and south struggling to maintain a same national identity. In the post war years, America has made deliberate attempts to erase the lost Vietnam War from its consciousness. This made the veterans position rather flimsy as their efforts and sacrifices in the war were being rendered futile and meaningless by the public. This forced exclusion of Vietnam War has in a way alienated the war veterans who have suffered from isolation, dr ug abuse and many psychological disorders. Moreover, the views of the public on the war are very variegated which make the Vietnam War a fairly complex issue to understand. With the loss of the Vietnam War, the writer believes that the American policy makers have become more and more security conscious over the years. Taking the increased involvement of the USSR in the Afghan region as an example, the Americans spent millions of dollars on harnessing fundamentalist guerilla warfare in the region. Similar examples can also be seen in the leftist revolutions in the Central American region. The conclusion perhaps holds the crux of the article. The writer with the entire historical contextualization is trying to assert that the Vietnam War was in fact a paramount event in the history of international politics. It was marked with the exposure of the vulnerability of a Superpower that was far more superior militarily and economically from its opponent but had to suffer a humiliating defea t. The writer believes the contemporary world is not the world that was easily manageable by the imperial powers as in the 1940s. The political intervention of the powerful nations is not as easy as it used to be in the earlier half of the century when the superpowers defined the political map to suit their strategic interests. In the new era, America needs to accept its weaknesses and accommodate situations that might not be as palatable

Strategic Change Approaches To Change Management Commerce Essay

Strategic Change Approaches To Change Management Commerce Essay It is imperative that organisations maintain a greater reach, are present in various different places and constantly abreast of regional and cultural differences and ensure to integrate these into their strategies for the different market and communities they occupy. Due to the ever growing importance of change within organisations, it has become imperative that managerial staff posses the skill to successfully manage these changes when they occur (Senior, 2002; By, 2005). Merrel (2012) described change as a continuous reality for organisations that intend to survive and prosper in these volatile and unpredictable times. He went further to define change as simply doing things in a way different from what you are used to or doing completely different things. It is in the best interest that all stakeholders within an organisation work together to ensure that changes are managed effectively. Effective change management is generally described as execution of change programmes or initiatives that achieve the goals for which they were intended on time and within budget and also succeed in delivering sustainable benefits to the organisation (ibid). However, major changes within organisations require ample inputs in terms of time, energy and resources. Over time it has been found that majority of change programmes have failed to meet the desired goals of the organisation. Published sources estimate that the success levels of change in organisations may fall as low as 10% (Oakland and Tanner, 2007). Most changes that occur within organisations tend to be intermittent in nature. They usually start off at a particular point and are then followed by a number of steps that result in a final outcome. Every growing organisation experiences a continuous process of evolution. At certain intervals of this growth cycle, organisations have to evaluate, determine or reinstate their standards and processes. This evolution could at sometimes be a slight change or at other times a major overhaul. Where there is a change made in one aspect of the organisation, this usually triggers a chain of events that requires further changes t o be made to other areas within the organisation in order to achieve a new balance (Pandey, 2012). Following the constant evolution and the consequent changes that occur within organisations, effort has to be put in to reinstate and create a new balance to continue working towards the goals and objectives of the business. This new balance is created primarily by the workforce and is not an easy feat. Therefore, it is essential that an effective and reliable change management strategy is employed (Gans, 2011). As defined by Gans (2011) Change Management is a process whereby organisations support members of their workforce that have been affected by one way or another as a result of an organizational change. She went further to stress the importance of accounting for any member of staff affected by the change in the development of a change management strategy. Despite the importance of change management in the business world today and as highlighted previously, Balogun and Hope Hailey (2004) have reported that of all change programmes that have been initiated, there has been a 70% rate of failure. Burnes (2004) suggested that this poor success rate of change management programmes shows a basic absence of an adequate framework of how to carry out and manage changes in organisations. He went further to state that what is currently available to academics and practitioners is a wide range of contradictory and confusing theories and approaches. 2.0 EXISTING APPROACHES TO CHANGE MANAGEMENT There are a number of existing approaches to organizational change and there is continued debate as to which qualifies as the best. This difference in opinion amongst academics and practitioners is the reason that many managers within organisations may have reservations on the importance and validity of existing literature on change management. It is also a reason for confusion as to which approach to employ when considering change (Bamford and Forrester, 2003).These reservations are further fuelled by the existing critical management literature that highlights numerous incidents of change programmes that have gone wrong. Based on the literature, amongst a few others, there are two main approaches to change; emergent and planned (ibid). In this article, we would be looking into the two main approaches to change, highlighting their weakness and strengths, by critically analysing the already existing literature on the topic. 2.1 PLANNED CHANGE This approach to organisational change is described as a process that moves from one set state to another through a succession of pre arranged steps. This approach to change can be analysed using various frameworks, such as the Lewins (1951) action research model and Lewins (1958) three step model which describes the three stages of change as freezing- holding on to the familiar, unfreezing brainstorming, addressing issues and exploring other approaches and refreezing identifying, applying and consolidating values, culture and newly acquired skills to those pre existing and currently desired. This approach to change acknowledges that prior to new characteristics successfully adopted the previous set need to be eliminated, only then can the new set be fully established (Bamford and Forrester, 2003). 2.1a STRENGTHS OF PLANNED CHANGE Burnes (1996 as cited in Eldrod II and Tippet, 2002) identifies planned approach to organisational change as an attempt in explaining the process that initiates change. The planned approach is also thought to highlight the importance to organisations of fully comprehending the different stages that are involved in the process of going from and unsatisfactory state to an unknown desired new state (Eldrod II and Tippett, 2002). Planned change is also credited for considering changes that may not be in direct line with the organisations general transformational vision but are seen to be worth making. It is in tune with the organisational breakdown structure and by virtue of its nature being perceived to be a logical program by stakeholders, providing organisations with a variety of choices of initiatives. Because it is made up of a clear and solid directive, it tends to be easier to circulate to all areas of the organisation. Although this solid directive may in some cases work as a disadvantage as it may make it easier to attack and/or avoid (Weick, 2000; Beer and Nohria, 2000). 2.1b WEAKNESSES OF PLANNED CHANGE Planned change has received a lot of criticism from as early on as the 1980s despite its popularity, (Kanter et al., 1992; Burnes, 1996; By, 2005). It has been faulted for focusing on only small scale incremental change and ignores cases where there may be a need for quick and transformational changes (Burnes, 1996, 2004). Another shortcoming of this approach is the fact that it bases its design on the assumption that organisations operate under conditions that are static and they can move in a pre planned pattern from one stable state to another (Bamford and Forrester, 2003). This approach is also known to ignore situations where a more dictated approach is needed e.g. in a situation where there is a need for rapid change and no room for widespread consultation or involvement (Burnes, 1996, 2004; Kanter et al., 1992; By, 2005). Critics have also argued that this approach is based on the assumption that all the stakeholders involved in the change have a combined interest in carrying it out and that a uniform consensus can be reached with ease (Bamford and Forrester, 2003). This presumption does not take into consideration issues of politics and conflicts that are common place within organisations, but goes further to assume that these can be identified with ease (Burnes, 1996, 2004). Weick (2000; Beer and Nohria, 2000), also highlighted a number of disadvantages of applying the planned change approach. He states that with implementation of the planned change approach, there is a high chance of reversal of the effected change, following the changes; integration of the various parts of the organisation may not take place in a uniform manner, unpredictable results due to limited foresight, a high chance of individuals failing to act out their parts in the change process despite verbally agreeing to do so, adoption of practices that may have been suited elsewhere but may not necessarily yield positive results within the organisation due to a difference in context, failure of top management to have a full understanding of capabilities at the front line and contingencies and finally a delay in execution which would result in the change initiatives being obsolete even before they are implemented. 2.2 EMERGENT CHANGE This approach to change is relatively new and does not have the formal history of planned change. It is believed that this approach covers a wider area of understanding of the issues faced by organisations related to managing change within intricate environments. In this approach, change is perceived to be less reliant on detailed forecasts and plans and is more focused on arriving at an actual understanding of the intricacies of the underlying problems and deriving possible solutions (Bamford and Forrester, 2003). There is also the suggestion that the occurrence of change here is unpredictable that senior managers are unable to effectively select, propose and carry out suitable actions in response (Kanter et al., 1992). The emergent approach to organizational change adopts a bottom up process of initiating and implementation as opposed to a top down. Considering the complex and rapid nature of change, it is deemed impossible for senior management to identify and implement every action necessary to successfully carry out changes. This implies that the role played by senior management must undergo some changes in itself from controller to more of a facilitator of change, as the responsibility for change is seen to be more devolved (Bamford and Forrester, 2003). 2.2a STRENGTHS OF EMERGENT CHANGE It has been established that the business environment is one of uncertainty and the proponents of emergent change have argued that this uncertainty of both the internal and external environments makes the planned approach to change less appropriate. Assuming that organizations operated is an environment that is stable and predictable; there would be little or no need for change. This makes the emergent approach to change much more pertinent than the planned approach (Bamford and Forrester, 2003). Burnes (1996) is of the opinion that emergent change encourages management to pay close attention and gain understanding of strategy, culture, systems, structure and style, looking into how they can work as blockages or facilitators of an effective change process. He goes further to argue that a successful change process is more concerned with gaining an understanding of the complex issues within the organisation and developing a range of options for tackling these issues. It can then be deduced that the emergent change is focused more on the preparation for change and actual implementation as opposed to providing planned steps and objectives for each change programme or initiative (By, 2005). Weick (2000; Beer and Nohria, 2000), insists that change must be more emergent than planned. He is of the opinion that organisations are in a constant state of evolution and there are always change initiatives ongoing on various levels within the organisation. Main stakeholders are always in search of ideas to increase the performance of the organisation and this means that there is a constant flux. It is important that this flux is identified and maximised. Efforts should be made in identifying these little changes occurring in different areas of the organization and they should then be spread to other areas of the organisation. There are no rules that govern the way change is initiated; it simply involves creating a connection between the actions carried out by the individual areas within the business to create a working synergy (Pettigrew and Whipp, 1993). 2.2b WEAKNESSES OF EMERGENT CHANGE Weick (2000; Beer and Nohria, 2000), in his critical analysis also highlighted a number of weaknesses of the emergent approach to change. He noted that emergent changes are too slow to come together, tend to be too negligible to have a noticeable effect on results, are more suited for taking advantages of opportunities than responding to threats, crippled by already existing culture and technology, deficient when competitors are focused on transformation; more generic rather than focused; lack foresight; operates on the assumption that change is driven by intent, which in reality is not always that case and this implies that situations where change is evolutionary or is driven by life cycle would be over looked (Van de Ven and Pool 1995; Weick, 2000; Beer and Nohria, 2000) . One of the main challenges of the emergent change is the fact that is quite new compared to the planned approach and this has led to reservations concerning its consistency and the variety of techniques available (Bamford and Forrester, 2003; Wilson, 1992). Another criticism of the emergent approach is that it is generally made up of models and approaches that lack correlation and only tend to do so in their unified lack of faith for the planned approach to change than to and agreed alternative (Bamford and Forrester, 2003; Dawson, 1994). According to Burnes (1996), to validate the general theory and implementation of the emergent approach to change implies that one has to be of the opinion that all organisation function within a volatile and unpredictable environment to which they constantly have to adapt. This would then bring rise to the assumption that the emergent model is suitable for all organizations, all situations and at all times (ibid). In reality this is clearly not the case. Dunphy and Stace (1993) disagreed on that view arguing that agents of change require a model that is adaptable to different situations and clearly shows how one can adjust their change strategies to achieve the best fit for a particular situation taking into consideration the changing environment (Dunphy and Stace, 1993). 3.0 CONCLUSION Following a review of the existing literature on planned and emeregent approaches to change, it can be concluded that both approaches have fair shares of limitations and advantage. Generally, there seems to be more of a preference for the emergent change approach and this could be because this approach was more recently introduced in comparison to the planned approach and it its design, consideration was taken to address some of the shortcomings that were experience with the planned approach. However, in order to achieve a successful organisational change, it is important that an approach be developed that not only takes into consideration the constantly evolving environment, but also identifies that there are a number of approaches to change. This approach should be flexible to suit the different needs of various organisations as opposed to one that is tailored to be applicable to all organisations. Dunphy and Stace, (1993) clearly state that no two organisations are identical and most probably have varying situations and this would mean that their structure and strategies would also be different and this emphasis the need for a flexible approach to change.

The Problem: Rewrite Mania :: essays research papers

The Problem: Rewrite Mania I have been noticing a certain trend in software toward rewriting successful tools and standards. It seems that programmers always have the urge to make things better, which is perfectly understandable - after all, this is the primary trait of the engineer's mind (although I also think that artistic creativity also enters in the mix). Why should things stay static? Surely progress is good, and if we just stayed in the same place, using the same versions of tools without improvement, then things would deteriorate and generally get pretty boring. That's all very true, but what I am seeing is that in many cases we have tools which truly are "good enough" for what they are designed to do - TCP/IP allows us to build giant, interconnected networks, Apache lets us build flexible web servers, Perl lets us write incomprehensibly obfuscated code(!)... well, point being, these things work. Really, outstandingly well. They are "good enough", and moreover they are used everywhere. So all's well and good, right? Well, not exactly. The programmers add little bits and pieces here and there, fix lots of bugs, and over time the code starts to look distinctly messy - and with the insights gained from this "first version" of the application (I don't mean V1.0, but rather the overall codebase) the developers start to think about how it could be "done right". You know, now they know how they should have done it. Fired with new zeal and enthusiasm, the developers embark on a grand rewrite project, which will throw out all the old, stale, horrible, nasty untidy code, and construct reams of brand new, clean, designed, and, uh, buggy, incompatible, untested code. Oh well, it'll be worth it ... right? So the new version will break some things that worked with the old version - the benefits from the changes far outweigh a loss of backward compatibility. In their minds, the developers are more focused on the cool aspects of the new version than they are on the fact that in the real world, millions of people are still using the old version. Eventually, then, the new version comes out, to grand fanfare. And a few people download it, try it... and it doesn't quite work. This is perfectly normal, these things need time. So all the people who are running large production systems with the old version just back off for a while until the new version has been tested properly by, uh, someone else.

Disparities in Diagnosis of Depression

In the paper, â€Å"Disparities in Diagnosis of Depression†, the author has made a mention of the problem of African-Americans being less likely to report, getting evaluated or diagnosed for depression, mania or anxiety than their White Counterparts (Gary 2005). This paper would be concentrating on the reasons for this problem. In history, African Americans have been the victims of chattel slavery and many people felt that they could be suffering from certain mental changes.Many people considered them to be suffering from a psychiatric disorder known as ‘draptemania’ (characterized by the need to flee from captivity). Although, African-Americans have an inherent nature not to get depressed very easily because of their apparent happy character, the condition is also at a greater risk of going undiagnosed, under-diagnosed or even misdiagnosed. This was a concern existing since a long time and even till today this problem is existing (Baker, 2000, pp. 3167).Minority communities especially African-American’s may make up a vital portion of the US population, and if health problems exist, the health status, economic welfare and quality of living of the entire nation would certainly be affected. Only a small portion of the minority population would be receiving ideal mental healthcare (Reus, 2001). It may not be felt that the mental health services for the African-American Communities should be improved as the risk of developing depression is comparatively lower compared to the White population.Besides, the mental health services may be only developed to lower the occurrence of mental disorders rather than treating a much bigger problem (which could be increasing the risk of developing the disorder) (Witt, 2006). Many of the healthcare providers (such as hospitals, public healthcare settings, etc) tend to focus a lot on the ethnicity of the patients (usually the color the skin) rather than on the individual healthcare requirements and the se veral socio-economic factors.Several of these providers assume certain problems or issues to have occurred (such as social problems, racial issues, trauma, alienation, etc), which would be responsible for the mental health disorder. The African-American Population may have certain negative experiences with the healthcare system, and hence in the future this ethnic group would develop negative feelings towards the system, thus reducing their reliance on it.Hence, such individuals are less likely to go to the healthcare providers to seek medical care, and in such instances several mental disorders would go undiagnosed and untreated (Mallett, 2000). Several individuals belonging to the minority community may not seek mental health services as they may fear that they may be misunderstood and further they may undergo ill-treatment due to the prevailing lags in culture, ethnicity, language and literary levels.Many of the African-Americans who are seeking mental health services may be lock ed or held in the hospital wards and forced to undergo treatment. They may be administered drugs in greater than normal dosage and all laws and regulations regarding management may be ignored, misused and by-passed. The White Physicians may be biased while diagnosing and treating African-American mental patients. They may discriminate them racially and be arrogant with them.Some physicians may genuinely have a problem with African-American patients as they may not know the patient’s language and culture (Mallett, 2000). Besides this, several other causes such as homelessness, the presence of several other general disorders, access to illegal drugs, lower levels of insurance coverage, etc, amongst African-American population were responsible for the lower chances of several mental disorders getting evaluated and treated (O'toole, T. P. , Pollini, R. , Gray, P. & Jones, T. ; 2007).

Helen of Troy essays

Helen of Troy essays In modern cinema, a realistic reproduction of a historic time period is uncommon. Movie set designers strive to create sets and scenes to visually stimulate the viewer, and often times historical aspects of the period are completely disregarded. While watching the film, Helen of Troy, directed by Robert Wise (1956), I was surprised to see many artifacts and architectural aspects that were characteristic of Classical Greek Style. I will discuss three key scenes where the interiors were prominent in style and architecture. Situated in the hills of the Greek coast, the city of Troy was prosperous because of its location near the sea. While most of the population lived inside the city's famous impenetrable walls, others lived on the outskirts near the coast. Paris and Helen first meet as he is washed to shore after falling off the sternum of a ship. She helps carry him to the small hut of her childhood nurse. These small villages of huts were constructed with wattle and daub style, and also had thatched roofs. The huts were made waterproof by using a framework of woven rods and twigs covered and plastered with clay. Decorations inside the hut were scarce, but there was a single piece of pottery with a painted scene shown on the ground of the hut. It was very similar to the picture of this pot on the left. The pot had two handles and when used it carried water. The only other items on display were tools and everyday objects such as a kettle pot used to boil water and a sword on the wall, contr adicting the decoration of a palace. After Paris leaves the hut he travels to the Palace of Sparta, where he converses with Menelaus, husband of Helen. In contrast to the huts, this marble palace is extravagant and provides many great examples of Greek Architecture. The palace was supported by columns, both Doric and Ionic capitols. However, the bulging of the Doric shaft, also known as entasis, was different th ...

17 Exploratory Essay Topics on Anthropology of Mormonism

17 Exploratory Essay Topics on Anthropology of Mormonism When you are writing an exploratory essay on the anthropology of Mormonism, you have to focus only on facts. Writing about a religion gives you the perfect opportunity to review only facts and alleviate all personal opinion or personal bias from the writing. The focus on anthropology means you are forced to focus on some aspect of the society, the culture, or the people within Mormonism. This opens you up to a wide array of potential topic ideas. But no matter what type of thesis you select for your writing, you must back up all claims you make with facts, and facts alone. It is for this reason that you will find some interesting anthropological facts below to help you out with your writing: Mormons first arrived in the Great Basin of Utah and were sent west. Many of the settlements were short-lived but their communities did extend from the south of Idaho all the way to California. It was during this time that the federal government would arrest many members who practiced polygamy, as it was a felony, and as such some fled to the northern areas of Mexico or the southern regions of Canada. Missionaries for the church were sent throughout the whole of the United States as well as northern Europe in order to spread the word of their church and those who wanted to convert, were given help from church-sponsored ships which carried emigrants to America. Once those converts reached the United States, they went as far as they could by rail and then by wagon for the remainder of the way. Those who were unable to afford a wagon sued a handcart. It was the Perpetual Emigrating Fund which was established to help new arrivals. The Mormons believed that their marriages must be performed inside of the Mormon temples and that families are sealed for eternity. This means the extended family as well, which is why the members of the church practice special endowment sessions and complete baptisms for the dead for those members who were not converts at the time of their death. The Mormon church emphasizes weekly family home evenings, evenings in addition to regular worship which focuses on scripture reading, singing songs, playing games, and enjoying refreshments. Church leaders ask that their members remain self-sufficient but there is a welfare system within the church which is designed only for members in need. The leaders ask all members to fast one Sunday per month and donate the money that they would have spent on meals for that day on the needy. In order to prepare for times of emergencies, leaders ask their members to have one years’ worth of food and supplies saved. When newcomers were brought en masse by the Mormon church from Europe, a 1903 disagreement of the celebration of European holidays was the foundation for a remark by the church president that all members who emigrated should learn English as quickly as possible, should adopt the customs and manners of Americans, and should work to become good and loyal citizens of America so as to demonstrate that they are faithful members through their food works. Mormons in the 19th century practiced polygamy, voted as a block, and lived as one unit. In 1978 the Mormon church changed their policy to allow blacks to hold their high levels of the priesthood. Mormons emphasize education, and as a result they have a highly educated populace. Over half (53.5 percent) of the Mormon population has, to this day, some post-high school education compared to only 36.7% of the rest of the population. Mormons observe all national holidays celebrated by Americans, and in addition to that the state of Utah has Pioneer Day on July 24 to honor the entrance into the Salt Lake Valley by Brigham Young in 1847. The Mormon teachings state that members cannot consumer hot drinks, tobacco, or wine and other alcohols. They should also consume meat sparingly and use wheat and herbs often. Today coffee and tea are also not allowed. Health studies have revealed that Mormons living in Utah have lower rates of diseases, particularly cancers, something attributed to their strict diets and restrictions against alcohol and tobacco. By maintaining strict genealogical records and having a high birth rate, the Mormon population has helped to advance research, particularly cancer research by encoding this information. From it researchers have identified the gene which most often occurs in colon cancer research and has helped identified high risk cancer patients. Leaders within the Mormon church encourage their members to depend upon the power of their God by receiving blessings from priesthood holding male members of the church. Historically both men and women were allowed to give blessings, in many cases women blessing other women at the time they had children, but today only the men who hold the priesthood can give out any blessing. Mormons are found around the world, but their church is located primarily in America. The church retains local leaders who are representatives of the international membership. Of these leaders there is a council of twelve, all of whom are white, American males. Of these one is the president of the church, when the president dies, one of the senior members of this council will replace them. The church leaders stress that marriage must be done within the same racial and religious groups, so as to avoid even more challenging marriages. It is also considered to be a mortal sin to have sex outside of marriage, which is why Mormon women marry at ages younger than most women in America. Additionally, it is discouraged to date until the age of 16 for women, and not until after the males have returned from serving a two year church based mission which lasts from 19-21, for men. With regard to political issues, the president of the church will tell his members how they are to vote, or at least feel with regard to current issues. In spite of there being no mixing of church and state, there is no ruling that churches cannot tell their congregations how to vote in matters of the state. These facts will greatly combine with 20 topics on anthropology of Mormonism because they based on this information. If you have difficulties with writing essay itself, check out our writing tips on exploratory essays. References: Allen, James B., and Glen M. Leonard.  The Story of the Latter-day Saints,  second edition. Salt Lake City: Deseret Books, 1992. Bush, Lester E.  Health and Medicine Among the Mormons: Science, Sense, and Scripture.  New York: Crossroads, 1993. Cornwall, Marie, Tim B. Heaton, and Lawrence A. Young.  Contemporary Mormonism: Social Science Perspectives.  Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994. Hansen, Klaus J.  Mormonism and the American Experience.  Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981. Hill, Marvin S.  Quest for Refuge: The Mormon Flight from American Pluralism.  Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1989. Mauss, Armand L.  The Angel and the Beehive: The Mormon Struggle with Assimilation.  Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994. Shipps, Jan.  Mormonism: The Story of a New Religious Tradition.  Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1985.

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In order to develop an opening-up economy, in 2001, China became a member of the WTO, provided a good opportunity to make Chinas economic more opening to the outside world and provide better investment environment. By accepting new things and developing Chinas own economic growth model, the level of Chinas economic grows rapidly. China has a strong domestic purchasing power, which reflects Chinas huge market size and market potential. According to the effective demand theory of Keynes, due to the economic crisis, there is a lack of effective demand in western countries. Effective demand makes up with consumer demand and investment demand. Diminishing marginal propensity to consume, diminishing marginal efficiency of capital and liquidity preference is the three major social and psychological factors resulting in lack of consumption demand and investment demand, and then reduce the investment rate in developed countries.? Thus, more foreign investors would turn to find a better place to invest, it is the opportunity of Chinas foreign investment environment. Advantage: Stable political environment Since Chinas reform and opening up, peoples living standards continue to improve, China’s international status and international influence also has been enhanced at the same time. China could maintain a stable developing social environment. This is the basic guarantee of the investment environment. For example, the reason why Wal-Mart invested a large amount of money on shopping plaza, Sam shops, and community shops in China, is that Wal-Mart believed China has a stable political and social environment. A stable political and social environment is an important factor that can nsure the safety of foreign investments. Advantage: Acceptable infrastructure China has the worlds largest infrastructure construction. After years of development, the level of Chinas infrastructure has been significantly improved. For example, the government invested a lot of money on the construction of transportation, electricity, water, and natural gas supply. The ability to provide materials and efficient transportation are favorable factors for attracting foreign investment. For example, Wal-Mart relies on its efficient logistics and distribution, and Wal-Mart decided to locate its distribution center in Tianjin. Tianjin is a coastal city, it not only reflects the natural advantage of Tianjin, but also reflects that in recent years, Tianjins tremendous achievements in constructing infrastructure. Advantage: Abundant labor China has the largest population in the world, and also provides a lot of cheap labor resources. Companies could enjoy cost advantages because of the cheap labor cost, especially in labor-intensive industries. China also has a comparative advantage in labor-intensive industries. Wal-Mart has 50,000 employees in China. The company gives their employees necessary training to meet the needs of high-tech industries and enjoys low cost of labor. Labor and capital are substitutes. In China, Wal-Marts development relies heavily on a lot of cheap labor. Imagine Wal-Mart has such a large number of employees in developed countries, the labor cost is much higher than in China, therefore, the actual profit must be affected. In this way, invest in China is a good choice for War-Mart. I have talked about the advantages of the foreign investment environment in China, and then I would like to talk about the disadvantages. Disadvantage: The laws of the market economy system are not perfect China joined the WTO in 2001, which means that China can be on an equal footing with the developed countries. However, Chinas current economy is a market economy with Chinese characteristics, which has some differences with the mature market economies in developed countries. Chinas market economy has been accepted for a short time, with little experience, many laws and regulations are unreasonable. Chinas legal basis, the legislative process, operational mechanism is still not completely turned to erve market economy. Some existing laws and regulations confront with the principles of market economy. In terms of implementation, many laws and regulations are not uniformed in the implementation process, which have caused lots of problems for foreign investors. The imperfect legal system also affects employee’s rights. For example, Wal-Mart, Dell, Kodak and other foreign companies are refused to establish union in China. Actually, there are few laws to protect employee’s rights in China. These foreign companies are not afraid of these imperfect laws. Foreign companies like Wal-Mart, has a long operation history in many countries around the world, has many experiences of how to deal with workers in many countries, the legal basis in China is still very weak. Disadvantage: Low government efficiency Bureaucracy and corruption is a significant problem of the government. In the Chinese government system, the institutional settings are bloated, some department’s functions are unclear, policies and regulations are not uniformed between the various departments. These problems are particularly serious in recent years, greatly limits the improvement of the foreign investment environment. Foreign investors lack of a complete understanding of the Chinese government, they will face a lot of problems but do not know how to deal with it. Disadvantage: The low efficiency of the financial sector According to a survey conducted by the World Bank, Chinas financial resources are concentrated on state-owned enterprises. For some companies with high potential, especially for some small and medium-sized private companies, they can not get strong financial support from the bank in a short time. Lack of support also leads these companies to the slow development or even the bankrupt. This is also a disadvantage to foreign investors. Foreign investors in China want to get the financial support have to face cumbersome procedures, mainly because of the financial institutions system is not perfect. At the same time, the interest rate is not determined by the market, which limits the flow of credit funds to the foreign companies, the private sector, and small enterprises. Disadvantage: The investment environment and labor distribution has regional differences China has large land area, but because of the natural causes, history and other factors, the investment environment and labor distribution are various from region to region. In the southeast coastal areas, infrastructure, labor resources, and policies are attractive to foreign investors. In the central and western regions, due to the geographical conditions and the limitations of natural resources, economic development is relatively slow, the policy is not attractive to foreign investors. For example, Wal-Mart opened 191 stores in China are mostly located in the southeast coastal areas. As shown below: Wal-Mart China mainland outlets maps Disadvantage: Resources and environmental constraints China is a big country. However, the resources for every person rank very low around the world. With the economic development, social development and the improvement of the consumption level, there are some limitations in the energy, land and other natural resources. China’s economic growth mainly depends on high pollution industries, and has not fundamental changed. Environmental pollution makes retail enterprises such as Wal-Mart faces a lot of problems in the procurement process. A lot of goods can not enter the mall because of the pollution. 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